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2017年英语必考知识点归纳

发布时间:2020-10-16 14:21:23   浏览量:

  2017年英语必考知识点篇一

  1. after, in

  这两个介词都可以表示(时间)以后。

  after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。例如:

  She went after three days.

  她是三天以后走的。

  in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。例如:

  She will go in three days.

  她将会三天后走。

  2. how long, how often, how soon

  how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。

  例如:How long ago was it

  这是多久前的事了

  how often指多久一次,主要用来对频度状语(如once a week等)提问。

  例如:How often does he come here 他多久来一次

  Once a month.每月一次。

  how soon指多久以后,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。

  例如:How soon can you come

  你多快能赶来

  3. few, a few, little, a little

  few 和little的意思是否定的,表示很少或几乎没有;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示有一些,有一点儿。

  few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词。

  4. the other, another

  the other 指两者中的另一个,表示特指。例如:

  We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.

  我们站在街这边,他们站在街那边。

  another表示泛指,用来指至少三者中的另一个。

  例如:She has taken another of my books.

  她已经拿了我的另外一本书。

  5. spend, take, cost, pay

  spend的宾语是时间或金钱,句子的主语必须是人。例如:

  She spent the whole evening in reading.

  她把整个晚上用来读书。

  take用来指花费时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。例如:

  How long will this job take you

  你做这项工作要花多长时间

  cost 指花费时间、金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语。例如:

  How much does the jacket cost

  这件夹克多少钱

  pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)。例如:

  I pay for my rooms by month.

  我按月支付租金。

  6. speak, say, talk, tell

  这四个动词都有说的意思。

  speak的意思是讲话;演讲,着重指说话的动作,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言。例如:

  He can speak Japanese.

  他会说日语。

  say的意思是说;讲,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容。它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。例如:

  She says, Dont draw on the wall!

  她说:别在墙上画画!

  talk的意思是说;讲;谈话,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话。例如:

  She is talking with John in English.

  她正在和约翰用英语交谈。

  tell意为告诉;讲述;吩咐,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语。例如:

  She is telling the children a story.

  她正在给孩子们讲故事。

  7. among, between

  between 的意思是在中间,在之间,一般指在两者之间。例如:

  There is a table between two windows.

  在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。

  between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那也是指在每二者之间。例如:

  the relationship between different provinces and municiplities

  省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系)

  among 的意思是在中间,在之中,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中。例如:

  The teacher distributed them among the students.

  老师把这些东西分给了学生。

  8. beat, win

  这两个词都有获胜,打败的意思,但其后宾语不同。

  beat是打败,优于的意思,后面接人或队。例如:

  We beat them.

  我们打败了他们。

  win指赢,获胜,后面接比赛或名次。例如:

  We won the match/game/race/the first place.

  我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

  9. agree with, agree on, agree to

  agree on表示就取得一致意见。例如:

  We all agree on (making) an early start.

  我们一致同意及早出发。

  agree with表示与意见一致,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见或看法的名词或what引导的从句。例如:

  I agree with you without reservation.

  我毫无保留地同意你的意见。

  We agree with what you said just now.

  我们同意你刚才所说的。

  agree to表示赞同、同意、答应或接受,后面不能接人,只能接提议,计划,方案等。例如:

  I agree to the terms proposed.

  我同意拟议的条件。

  10. bring, take, carry,fetch

  这四个词都是动词,都含有带或拿的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。

  bring作带来,拿来解。例如:

  Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of your work.

  下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

  take是bring的对语,作带去,拿去解。例如:

  Take the box away, please.

  请把盒子拿走。

  carry表示运载,携带之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。例如:

  This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.

  这辆巴士准载一百人。

  fetch则表示去拿来的意思。例如:

  Please fetch me the documents in that room.

  请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

  2017年英语必考知识点篇二

  11. each, every

  两词都是每个的意思,但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有所有的的意思。例如:

  She knows each student of the class.

  她认识这个班里的每一个学生。

  She knows every student of the class.

  她认识这个班所有的学生。

  12. no one, none

  no one指没有一个人(只能指人,不能用来指物),意思与nobody相同,作主语时不能跟 of 连用。例如:

  No one believes him since he is not hones.

  没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。

  none指在特定范围中一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物),作主语时可以跟 of 连用。例如:

  None of us is afraid of difficulties.

  我们谁也不怕困难。

  13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with

  这三个动词短语都有继续做某事的意思,其区别如下:

  go on doing表示继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断);

  go on to do表示接着做某事,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;

  go on with也表示继续做某事,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。

  14. too much, much too

  much too为副词词组,意为太修饰形容词、副词,不可修饰动词。例如:

  Its much too cold.

  天气实在是太冷了。

  too much作太多讲,修饰不可数名词。例如:

  Dont drink too much wine.

  不要饮太多的酒。

  15. lonely, alone

  二者都可表示孤独,独自,alone指客观存在的孤独,而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的寂寞。例如:

  I went alone.

  我是一个人去的。

  Mary lived alone, but she didnt feel lonely.

  玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独。

  16. happen, take place与occur

  happen有偶然的意思,多用于客观事物情况的发生。例如:

  Whatever has happened to your arm Its all swollen.

  你的手臂怎么了肿得好厉害。

  occur 指有计划地使某些事发生,有时强调呈现于人的知觉中。例如:

  Did it occur to you to phone them about it

  你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话

  take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示举行的意思,带有非偶然性。例如:

  The meeting took place last night.

  会议昨晚举行。

  17. in front of, in the front of

  in front of的意思是在前面,例如:

  There is a tree in front of the house.

  房子前面有一棵树。

  in the front of的意思是在前部,指在某个空间范围内的前面,例如:

  There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

  教室里前部有一块黑板。

  18. find, find out

  两者都有发现的意思,但语义有差别。

  find有偶然发现某物的意味,例如:

  He found a bag on the floor.

  他发现地板上有个书包。

  find out指经过,探听,询问,指调查之后的发现或弄清楚,例如:

  Please find out who took my book by mistake.

  请查清楚谁错拿了我的书。

  19. noise, voice, sound

  sound 作声音解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,例如:

  a weak sound

  微弱的声音

  noise作噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音。例如:

  Another kind of pollution is noise.

  另外一种污染是噪音。

  voice 作声音解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声等,有时也用于引申意义,作意见发言权解,例如:

  He shouted at the top of voice.

  他高声呼喊。

  I have no voice in the matter.

  对于这件事,我没有发言权。

  20. arrive, get, reach

  三者均可表示到达。

  arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方),例如:

  We arrived at the station five minutes late.

  我们晚了5分钟到车站。

  They will arrive in Paris next Monday.

  他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。

  get之后通常接介词to,例如:

  When we got to the park, it began to rain.

  我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

  reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词),例如:

  He reached Beijing yesterday.

  2017年英语必考知识点篇三

  1. 一般现在时

  时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

  基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

  否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesnt,同时还原行为动词。

  一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

  例:① If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go for a picnic.

  ② I will tell her the message as soon as I see her.

  ③ She wouldnt stop crying until her mother came home.

  ④ The teacher said that the moon is smaller than the earth.

  2. 一般过去时

  概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

  时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

  基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

  否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。

  一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

  例:① The boy began to learn English when he was five.

  ② Jack often got up very late during the summer holiday.

  ③ Did you visit the Great Wall while you were traveling in BJ

  3. 现在进行时

  概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

  时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

  基本结构:am/is/are+doing

  否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

  一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

  例:Have you moved into your new house---Not yet. It still being paint.

  Look there! Ma Ning is playing basketball alone.

  4. 过去进行时

  概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

  时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

  基本结构:was/were+doing

  否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

  一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

  例: ① I was watching TV when my teacher came to my home.

  ② He was drinking with us when the killing happened.

  ③ It was 8:00 now, and he was having his breakfast.

  5. 现在完成时

  概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

  时间状语:recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.

  基本结构:have/has + done

  否定形式:have/has + not +done.

  一般疑问句:have或has。

  例:① He has already gone to Tianjin.

  ② Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

  ③ Ive never seen that film

  6. 过去完成时

  概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即过去的过去。

  时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.

  基本结构:had + done.

  否定形式:had + not + done.

  一般疑问句:had放于句首。

  例:By nine oclock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

  7. 一般将来时

  概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

  时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.

  基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

  否定形式:①am/is/are + not+ going to + do; ②在行为动词前加will /shall+ not+do,同时还原行为动词。

  一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

  例:The Greens are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

  8. 过去将来时

  概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

  时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.

  基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.

  否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.

  一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。

  例:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.

  英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:

  1. 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

  在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用別的表达方式:

  ①瞬间动词用于一段时间 + ago的一般过去时的句型中;

  ②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;

  ③瞬间动词用于It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时的句型中,表示自从以来有时间的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;

  ④瞬间动词用于Some time has passed since + 一般过去时的句型中。

  例:

  ① He joined the League two years ago.

  ② He has been in the League for two years.

  ③ It is two years since he joined the League.

  ④ Two years has passed since he joined the League.

  2. 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

  在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示处于某种状态,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:

  ① Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

  ② Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

  3. 现在进行时与一般将来时的转化换

  在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为我就来,妈妈!请看:

  ① The train is leaving soon.

  ② The train will leave soon.

  4. be going to+动词原形与will(shall)+动词原形结构的转换

  be going to+动词原形、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时will(shall)+动词原形结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:

  ① We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

  ② We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

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